下面介绍下油泥和工业污油泥处理的技术

The following describes the sludge and industrial sludge treatment technology

　　油泥和工业污油泥处理的技术

      Oil sludge and industrial sludge treatment technology

　　油田淤泥处理排出的淤泥如果不经处理直接排出，不仅占有大量土地，还含有大量重金属和细菌，产生恶臭，造成水、土壤、大气的严重污染，目前含油污泥的处理技术很多，根据减量化、无害化、资源化和综合利用的要求，相关处理方法主要有：溶剂提取技术、化学热处理技术、化学热处理技术、热解处理技术等。

Oil sludge treatment of silt if not treated directly discharge, not only occupies lots of land, also contains a large number of heavy metals and bacteria, produce the stench, causing serious pollution, water, soil, atmosphere at present a lot of oily sludge treatment technology, according to the requirements of reduction, harmless and recycling and comprehensive utilization, and related processing methods mainly include: Solvent extraction technology, chemical heat treatment technology, chemical heat treatment technology, pyrolysis technology, etc.

　　1.油田污油泥处理的溶剂提取技术

         Solvent extraction technology for oil sludge treatment

　　溶剂萃取技术的目的是在含油污泥中加入萃取溶剂，通过充分混合搅拌，使溶剂与污泥中的油类发生萃取反应，另外，油类萃取剂还可以在蒸馆中分离回收再利用，回收的油类可以再生利用。

       Solvent extraction technology is to add extraction solvent in oily sludge, through full mixing and stirring, so that solvent and sludge oil extraction reaction, in addition, oil extraction agent can also be separated and recycled in the steam chamber, recycled oil can be reused.

　　2.油田污油泥处理的化学热清洗处理技术

        Chemical thermal cleaning technology for oil sludge treatment

　　含油污泥用水稀释后加热，同时投入一定量的化学试剂反复洗涤，从固相表面脱附或凝聚分离油，化学热清洗处理系统包括淤泥预处理、混合、移动、药剂添加、一次清洗、二次清洗、分离和水处理等构建单元，化学试剂的筛选和使用是化学热清洗工艺的关键。

       Oily sludge was diluted after heating, put into a certain amount of chemical reagent repeated washing at the same time, from the surface of the solid phase stripping or condensing separation of oil, chemical heat cleaning treatment system including sludge pretreatment, mixing, move, add, a clean, secondary cleaning, separation and water treatment, such as building blocks, screening and use of chemical reagents is the key of chemical heat cleaning process.

　　3.堆肥法

         Compost method

　　堆肥法采用传统堆肥和生物处理相结合，将适当的材料如菌种、水分、营养物、填充剂等与油泥混合堆放，利用天然微生物，控制促进可生物降解有机物转化为腐殖质，堆肥法处理污泥生产天然肥料，改善土壤肥沃性，有利于作物生长。

       Compost method using traditional compost and combined biological treatment, will the appropriate materials such as bacteria, moisture, nutrients, such as filling agent mixed with sludge to pile up, the use of natural microorganisms, control promote biodegradable organic matter into humus, composting sludge production natural fertilizer, improve soil fertility, is conducive to crop growth.

　　4.物反应器法

         Bioreactor method

　　耕法和堆肥法都是开放系统，受气温、土壤湿度等不确定性变化的影响很大，其适用时间和区域受到一定限制，生物反应器是利用酶和机体在体外进行生化反应的装置系统，可以人为控制充氧、温度、营养物质等操作条件，烃类的生物降解速度比其他生物处理工艺快，其中心机制是固有微生物或外来微生物的生物降解过程，生物反应器法不仅适用于含油污泥、油污土壤和含油钻屑的处理，还可以用于石油工业废弃物的预处理，减少经类含量，然后进行其他处理。

      Tillage and composting are open systems, change of temperature, soil moisture and other uncertainty, the application is limited by a certain time and area, bioreactor is the use of enzymes and biochemical reaction of the body in vitro device system, can be artificially controlled oxygen filling, operating conditions, such as temperature, nutrients, hydrocarbon biodegradation speed is faster than other biological treatment process, The biological reactor method is not only suitable for the treatment of oily sludge, oily soil and oil-bearing drilling cuttings, but also can be used for the pretreatment of petroleum industry waste, reducing the content of the class, and then other treatments.

　　5.油田污油泥处理的热解处理技术

         Pyrolysis technology for oil sludge treatment

　　热解技术是指在加热下，将含油污泥中的重质油类通过渣油炼油设备分解成具有挥发性的低碳烃类燃料、液态燃料、固体碳等的技术，热分解反应与加热的速度、温度、时间和原料的组成有关，其回收气体主要为甲烧、二氧化碳、乙烧和环境气体等，液态回收物主要为柴油馆分，可以直接作为燃料使用，固态回收物主要可以作为建筑材料使用，因此，该技术具有较好的直接经济效益和社会效益，值得推广，目前，热解技术分为低温蒸馆技术、高温裂解技术和有氧热解技术。

      Pyrolysis technology refers to the heat, the heavy oil in the oily sludge by residual oil refining equipment are divided into the low carbon volatile hydrocarbon fuel, liquid fuel, solid technology, such as carbon decomposition reactions and heating speed, temperature, time, and the composition of the raw materials, the main recycle gas as a burning, carbon dioxide, b burning gas and environment, etc., Liquid recycling is mainly diesel fuel, which can be used directly as fuel, and solid recycling can be used as building materials. Therefore, this technology has good direct economic and social benefits, and is worth promoting. At present, pyrolysis technology is divided into low temperature steam chamber technology, high temperature pyrolysis technology and aerobic pyrolysis technology.