所谓的污油泥其实是石油开发、 生产、 加工过程中产生的主要污染物。根据来源不同主要分为以下几大类：　　

The so-called sludge is actually the main pollutant produced in the process of petroleum development, production and processing. According to different sources, it is mainly divided into the following categories:

　　1、油气开采产生污泥：钻井和开采；废弃的钻井泥浆和钻井芯片等；

           Sludge from oil and gas extraction: drilling and extraction; Waste drilling mud and drilling chips;

　　2、油运输、储存制造脏泥：储油罐、储油罐、容器等；

           Oil transportation, storage manufacturing mud: storage tanks, storage tanks, containers, etc.;

　　3、油品加工产生三种泥浆：隔层沉淀物、浮选渣、剩余活性污泥。

           Oil processing produces three kinds of mud: separation sediment, flotation slag, residual activated sludge.

　　今天，小编就来给大家说说污油泥处理方法综述及发展现状。

      Today, xiaobian will tell you about the review and development status of sludge treatment methods.

　　首先，污油泥的危害

       First of all, the harm of sludge

       污油泥堆放或填埋占用大量耕地的同时污染周边环境，产生的有毒有害物质会随着动植物的吸收、浓缩、食物链的传递对人类健康造成危害。

       When the sludge is stacked or buried, it occupies a large amount of cultivated land and pollutes the surrounding environment. The toxic and harmful substances produced will cause harm to human health with the absorption and concentration of animals and plants and the transmission of food chain.

　　五油中含油率高是废物中的宝贵资源，不回收利用会造成更大的资源浪费。

       The high oil content in the fifth oil is a valuable resource in the waste, not recycling will cause a greater waste of resources.

　　无论是从环境保护方面还是从资源回收方面考虑，都须使用适当的污油泥处理方法，以实现资源回收和环境保护的双赢目标。

       In order to realize the win-win goal of resource recovery and environmental protection, it is necessary to use appropriate sludge treatment methods from the aspect of environmental protection and resource recovery.

　  其次，污油泥处理方法

     Secondly, dirty sludge treatment method

　 调质-机械脱水工艺在国内外应用广泛且成功，工艺成熟，处理效果好。这种方法的缺点是污泥来源直接影响处理效果。国内污油泥处理技术研究起步较晚，大多处于研究和试验阶段。然而，近年来，随着快速发展，出现了新的处理技术。国家新政策以环境保护为重点，近期国内有专业污油泥处理的公司出现 （包括装置设备与技术服务，这样可使污油泥处理技术更加完善。

     The process of quenching and tempering - mechanical dehydration is widely used and successful at home and abroad, the process is mature and the treatment effect is good. The disadvantage of this method is that the source of sludge directly affects the treatment effect. Domestic sludge treatment technology research started late, most of them are in the stage of research and experiment. However, in recent years, with rapid development, new processing technologies have emerged. The new national policy focuses on environmental protection. Recently, there are professional oil sludge treatment companies in China (including equipment and technical services, which can make the oil sludge treatment technology more perfect.

    一、物理方法

          Physical methods

    1、直接填埋法

         Direct landfill method

  　把污油泥直接填埋到专门的污泥储存坑里，，然后将土方填平，恢复到原来的地形，防止污油泥暴露，从而降低对大气的影响。而且，该法直接、投资少。以前，之前国内大部分产量小的单位都采用该技术，但是这项技术很容易污染周围的土壤，耗时长、跟随雨水的清洗会污染当地地下水资源，对人类健康造成严重危害。

      The sludge is directly buried in a special sludge storage pit, and then the earthwork is filled up and restored to the original terrain, so as to prevent the sludge exposure, thereby reducing the impact on the atmosphere. Moreover, the law is direct and requires little investment. Previously, most of the domestic units with small output used this technology, but it is easy to pollute the surrounding soil, time-consuming, rainwater cleaning will pollute local groundwater resources, causing serious harm to human health.

　  2、注入地层处理技术

          Injection formation treatment technology

　　用专门的油井为注入井，利用输送装置将污泥注入地层。该方法受地层内部环境影响等条件的限制，因此应用并不常见。而且，这项技术对当地土壤和地下水有很大危害。

      A special oil well is used as the injection well, and the sludge is injected into the formation by conveying device. This method is limited by conditions such as the influence of the formation internal environment, so it is not commonly used. Moreover, the technology is very harmful to the local soil and groundwater.

　  综上所述，在实际应用过程中，各单位应根据当地污泥的性质和特点，找到至佳的污泥处理方法，并采用合适的处理技术进行有针对性的处理。从而达到资源、经济、环保的优化。

      To sum up, in the practical application process, each unit should find the best sludge treatment method according to the nature and characteristics of local sludge, and adopt appropriate treatment technology for targeted treatment. To achieve the optimization of resources, economy and environmental protection.